Inheritance mode of microsatellite loci and their use for kinship analysis in the Pacific oyster （Crassostrea gigas）     

李琪  郑小东  于瑞海 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2008,26(3)

Five full-sib families of the Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas) larvae were used to study the mode of inheritance at eight microsatellite loci,and the feasibility of these markers for kinship estimate was also examined.All eight microsatellite loci were compatible with Mendelian inheritance.Neither evidence of sex-linked barriers to transmission nor evidence of major barriers to fertilization between gametes from the parents was shown.Three of the eight loci showed the presence of null alleles in four families,demonstrating the need to conduct comprehensive species-specific inheritance studies for microsatellite loci used in population genetic studies.Although the null allele heterozygotes were considered as homozygotes in the calculation of genetic distance,offspring from five full-sib families were unambiguously discriminated in the neighbor-joining dendrogram.This result indicates that the microsatellite markers may be capable of discriminating between related and unrelated oyster larvae in the absence of pedigree information,and is applicable to the investigation of the effective number of parents contributing to the hatchery population of the Pacific oyster.  相似文献   

长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)鲜样组织八种成分含量近红外(NIR)模型的建立     

王卫军  杨建敏  董迎辉  臧恒昌  王中平  孙国华 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(4):845-852

采用傅里叶变换近红外(FT-NIR)光谱技术,以94份具有代表性的长牡蛎鲜样组织样本的近红外(NIR)数据和其对应的化学真实值数据为基础,研究了NIR技术预测长牡蛎鲜样组织中水分、糖原、总蛋白质、总脂肪、锌、硒、牛磺酸和灰分8种成分含量的可行性,通过偏最小二乘回归法(PLS)建立了以上8种成分的NIR分析模型,并对模型进行了交互验证和外部验证。结果显示:该实验所建立的长牡蛎鲜样组织肉质性状8项主要指标中水分、糖原和总蛋白质3种成分的NIR模型具有良好的准确性和预测能力,建模集相关系数(RC)为0.9625—0.9902,交互验证相关系数(RCV)为0.9342—0.9863,外部验证的相关系数(REV)为0.9734—0.9915;但总脂肪、锌、硒、牛磺酸和灰分含量的建模效果不佳。实验结果表明,可以运用NIR技术快速、大批量地分析长牡蛎鲜样组织中的水分、糖原和总蛋白质3种成分含量;分析过程无需使用化学试剂,实验成本低,且对环境无污染。长牡蛎NIR多种成分含量模型的建立,对开展长牡蛎肉质分析、肉质性状选育、育种世代的鉴定及种质资源评价都有非常重要的意义。  相似文献   

长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)三个选育群体完全双列杂交后代生长性状分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王卫军  李琪  杨建敏  李彬  张荣良 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(3):628-635

利用中国(C)、日本(J)和韩国(K)3个长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)第四(F4)代选育群体,采用完全双列杂交方式构建建立了3个自交群体、3个正交群体和3个反交群体。结果表明,各交配组合在180日龄、360日龄和450日龄生长优势差异显著(P0.05);在不同生长阶段各组合的生长性能、一般配合力值、特殊配合力值和杂种优势效能值各不相同。杂交组合C♂K♀、J♂C♀和K♂J♀分别在180日龄、360日龄和450日龄表现出较大的生长优势,而自交组合K♂K♀在各个生长阶段均表现出生长劣势。中国F4代选育群体父母本一般配合力效应值均表现为非负值,而韩国F4代选育群体父母本一般配合力效应值均表现为非正值。杂交组合的特殊配合力效应值在不同生长阶段表现不一致,但与生长优势效能值基本相符。实验结果表明,多数杂交子代在生长性状上存在一定程度的杂种优势,可进行规模化商业推广应用;中国F4代选育群体作为杂交候选父母本时,具有高的可稳定遗传给子代的加性效应值。利用群体选育建立配套系,对不同选育群体进行杂交育种是培育长牡蛎优良新品系的有效方法。  相似文献   

糖原含量与糖原磷酸化酶基因(GPH)和己糖激酶基因(HK)的表达在福建牡蛎生殖周期中的相关性分析     

曾臻  倪健斌  柯才焕 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(6):66-76

Glycogen, a polymer of glucose, is an important means of storing energy. It is degraded by glycogen phosphorylase (GPH) and hexokinase (HK), glycogen phosphorylase, and hexokinase cDNAs (Ca-GPH andCa-H...  相似文献   

长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)野生与选育群体的微卫星遗传多样性分析     

李妍  姚健涛  张恩烁  孙泽轩  孙国华  李彬  杨建敏  冯艳微  王卫军 《海洋与湖沼》2024,55(2):462-470

为了评估长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas) 2个壳长性状(掌心形)快速生长选育群体(LY2-K4、LY2-K7)、1个壳高性状(速生型)快速生长选育群体(LY2-K11)和6个野生群体(QHD、LS、HD、ZH、WD、KTD)的遗传多样性和遗传结构, 用21对多态性丰富的微卫星引物对9个长牡蛎群体的269个个体进行了遗传分析。结果显示: 21个微卫星位点共检测出了460个等位基因(N_a),平均等位基因数为21.905; 21个微卫星位点的多态信息含量(PIC)均大于0.5, 具有高度遗传多态性; 选育群体LY2-K11的遗传多样性最低(N_a=13, I=2.128,H_e=0.831, PIC=0.825), 野生群体KTD的遗传多样性最高(N_a=29,I=3.112, H_e=0.941, PIC=0. 938); 189个群体位点组合有66%偏离哈代-温伯格平衡, 表明这些群体存在一定程度的杂合子缺失; 9个群体间的遗传分化指数(F_st)为0.012~0.064, 处于较低的遗传分化水平; AMOVA分析显示遗传变异主要来自于个体内; PCoA分析结果与UPGMA聚类树一致, LY2-K11群体单独聚为一类, QHD和HD群体聚为一类, 其他6个群体聚为一类。综上所述, 长牡蛎3个选育群体和6个野生群体遗传多样性均较高, 遗传分化水平较低; 选育群体LY2-K11多样性略有下降, 选育过程中应保证亲本的数量及质量, 防止因近交衰退造成遗传多样性降低, 苗种抗逆性变差。该结果将为长牡蛎新品种的选育和野生种质资源的保护提供科学指导。  相似文献   

Modelling growth and reproduction of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas: Advances in the oyster-DEB model through application to a coastal pond   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Y. Bourls  M. Alunno-Bruscia  S. Pouvreau  G. Tollu  D. Leguay  C. Arnaud  P. Goulletquer  S.A.L.M. Kooijman 《Journal of Sea Research》2009,62(2-3):62

A bio-energetic model, based on the DEB theory exists for the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Pouvreau et al. [Pouvreau, S., Bourles, Y., Lefebvre, S., Gangnery, A., Alunno-Bruscia, M., 2006. Application of a dynamic energy budget model to the Pacific oyster, C. gigas, reared under various environmental conditions. J. Sea Res. 56, 156–167.] successfully applied this model to oysters reared in three environments with no tide and low turbidity, using chlorophyll a concentration as food quantifier. However, the robustness of the oyster-DEB model needs to be validated in varying environments where different food quantifiers reflect the food available for oysters, as is the case in estuaries and most coastal ecosystems. We therefore tested the oyster-DEB model on C. gigas reared in an Atlantic coastal pond from January 2006 to January 2007. The model relies on two forcing variables: seawater temperature and food density monitored through various food quantifiers. Based on the high temperature range measured in this oyster pond (3–30 °C), new boundary values of the temperature tolerance range were estimated both for ingestion and respiration rates. Several food quantifiers were then tested to select the most suitable for explaining the observed growth and reproduction of C. gigas reared in an oyster pond. These were: particulate organic matter and carbon, chlorophyll a concentration and phytoplankton enumeration (expressed in cell number per litre or in cumulative cell biovolume). We conclude that when phytoplankton enumeration was used as food quantifier, the new version of oyster-DEB model presented here reproduced the growth and reproduction of C. gigas very accurately. The next step will be to validate the model under contrasting coastal environmental conditions so as to confirm the accuracy of phytoplankton enumeration as a way of representing the available food that sustains oyster growth.  相似文献   

Reconstructing pre-colonial oyster demographics in the Chesapeake Bay, USA     

Roger Mann  Juliana M. Harding  Melissa J. Southworth 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,85(2):217-222

Recent estimates of growth and mortality rates in extant Chesapeake Bay, USA oyster (Crassostrea virginica) populations are used to quantify changes in both population abundance (dN/dT) and shell accretion (dS/dT) associated with modern population demographics. The demographics of oyster populations that would be required to maintain reef accretion rates commensurate with sea level rise over geological time frames are examined using estimates of oyster longevity in pre-colonial (pre -1600) times combined with parallel estimates of pre-disease endemic mortality. The analysis demonstrates that modern populations, with their disease related, age-truncated demographics, are generally not capable of maintaining and building biogenic reefs through accretion. Estimates of filtration rates associated with Chesapeake Bay oyster populations prior to 1600 considerably underestimate actual benthic-pelagic coupling during that period. Pristine oyster populations would have supported water column turnover rates on the order of minutes to hours. Thus, the spatial footprint of oyster reefs was limited by available productivity in the estuary. Accretion rate calculations for pristine (pre-1600) oyster reefs describe the intimate relationship between benthic-pelagic coupling and the presence or absence of oyster reefs and the associated communities.  相似文献   

Antiviral active peptide from oyster   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曾名勇  崔文萱  赵元  刘尊英  董士远  郭瑶 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2008,26(3):307-312

An active peptide against herpes virus was isolated from the enzymic hydrolysate of oyster （Crassostrea gigas） and purified with the definite direction hydrolysis technique in the order of alcalase and bromelin. The hydrolysate was fractioned into four ranges of molecular weight （〉10 kDa, 10-5 kDa, 5-1 kDa and 〈1 kDa） using ultrafiltration membranes and dialysis. The fraction of 10-5 kDa was purified using consecutive chromatographic methods including DEAE Sephadex A-25 column, Sephadex G-25 column, and high performance liquid chromatogram （HPLC） by activity-guided isolation. The antiviral effect of the obtained peptide on herpetic virus was investigated in Vero cells by observing cytopathic effect （CPE）. The result shows that the peptide has high inhibitory activity on herpetic virus.  相似文献   

Inheritance mode of microsatellite loci and their use for kinship analysis in the Pacific oyster （Crassostrea gigas）     

李琪  郑小东  于瑞海 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2008,26(3):256-262

Five full-sib families of the Pacific oyster （Crassostrea gigas） larvae were used to study the mode of inheritance at eight microsatellite loci, and the feasibility of these markers for kinship estimate was also examined. All eight microsatellite loci were compatible with Mendelian inheritance. Neither evidence of sex-linked barriers to transmission nor evidence of major barriers to fertilization between gametes from the parents was shown. Three of the eight loci showed the presence of null alleles in four families, demonstrating the need to conduct comprehensive species-specific inheritance studies for microsatellite loci used in population genetic studies. Although the null allele heterozygotes were considered as homozygotes in the calculation of genetic distance, offspring from five full-sib families were unambiguously discriminated in the neighbor-joining dendrogram. This result indicates that the microsatellite markers may be capable of discriminating between related and unrelated oyster larvae in the absence of pedigree information, and is applicable to the investigation of the effective number of parents contributing to the hatchery population of the Pacific oyster.  相似文献   

四倍体太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas Thunberg)自群繁殖的研究     

施坤涛  王昭萍  于瑞海 《海洋湖沼通报》2006,(4):94-100

2004年7~8月,利用诱导的1龄四倍体太平洋牡蛎做亲本,通过解剖取卵、人工受精的方法进行四倍体的自群繁殖。结果表明四倍体太平洋牡蛎自群繁殖的受精率为95.54%,孵化率为37.38%,采用同一雌体四倍体牡蛎与二倍体雄贝杂交产生的三倍体组(TD)的受精率为85.19%,孵化率为99.9%,而以二倍体做母本、四倍体做父本的杂交组(DT)的受精率为98.73%,孵化率为87.63%,二倍体对照组的受精率为96.39%,孵化率为99.9%。四倍体牡蛎经自群繁殖培育出稚贝1130粒。经流式细胞仪分析,四倍体太平洋牡蛎幼虫和稚贝的四倍体率均达到100%。幼虫培育过程中,从孵化出D-形幼虫到出现眼点,幼虫的成活率达11.86%,眼点幼虫的变态率高达16.1%。实验证明四倍体太平洋牡蛎可以进行自群繁殖,比诱导的方法简单高效。  相似文献